原文地址
RSS is a dialect of XML. All RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0 , as published on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website.
RSS基于XML 所以必须遵守XML1.0标准
Required channel elements 必要的频道
Here's a list of the required channel elements, each with a brief description, an example, and where available, a pointer to a more complete description.| Element | Description | Example |
| title | The name of the channel. It's how people refer to your service. If you have an HTML website that contains the same information as your RSS file, the title of your channel should be the same as the title of your website. | GoUpstate.com News Headlines |
| link | The URL to the HTML website corresponding to the channel. | http://www.goupstate.com/ |
| description | Phrase or sentence describing the channel. | The latest news from GoUpstate.com, a Spartanburg Herald-Journal Web site. |
Optional channel elements 可选的Here's a list of optional channel elements.
| Element | Description | Example |
| language | The language the channel is written in. This allows aggregators to group all Italian language sites, for example, on a single page. A list of allowable values for this element, as provided by Netscape, is . You may also use by the W3C. | en-us |
| copyright | Copyright notice for content in the channel. | Copyright 2002, Spartanburg Herald-Journal |
| managingEditor | Email address for person responsible for editorial content. | geo@herald.com (George Matesky) |
| webMaster | Email address for person responsible for technical issues relating to channel. | betty@herald.com (Betty Guernsey) |
| pubDate | The publication date for the content in the channel. For example, the New York Times publishes on a daily basis, the publication date flips once every 24 hours. That's when the pubDate of the channel changes. All date-times in RSS conform to the Date and Time Specification of, with the exception that the year may be expressed with two characters or four characters (four preferred). | Sat, 07 Sep 2002 00:00:01 GMT |
| lastBuildDate | The last time the content of the channel changed. | Sat, 07 Sep 2002 09:42:31 GMT |
| category | Specify one or more categories that the channel belongs to. Follows the same rules as the <item>-level element. More . | <category>Newspapers</category> |
| generator | A string indicating the program used to generate the channel. | MightyInHouse Content System v2.3 |
| docs | A URL that points to the documentation for the format used in the RSS file. It's probably a pointer to this page. It's for people who might stumble across an RSS file on a Web server 25 years from now and wonder what it is. | http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss |
| cloud | Allows processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds. More info . | <cloud domain="rpc.sys.com" port="80" path="/RPC2" registerProcedure="pingMe" protocol="soap"/> |
| ttl | ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. More info . | <ttl>60</ttl> |
| image | Specifies a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that can be displayed with the channel. More info . | |
| rating | The rating for the channel. | |
| textInput | Specifies a text input box that can be displayed with the channel. More info . | |
| skipHours | A hint for aggregators telling them which hours they can skip. More info . | |
| skipDays | A hint for aggregators telling them which days they can skip. More info . |
<image> sub-element of <channel> <image> is an optional sub-element of <channel>, which contains three required and three optional sub-elements.<url> is the URL of a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that represents the channel. <title> describes the image, it's used in the ALT attribute of the HTML <img> tag when the channel is rendered in HTML. <link> is the URL of the site, when the channel is rendered, the image is a link to the site. (Note, in practice the image <title> and <link> should have the same value as the channel's <title> and <link>. Optional elements include <width> and <height>, numbers, indicating the width and height of the image in pixels. <description> contains text that is included in the TITLE attribute of the link formed around the image in the HTML rendering.Maximum value for width is 144, default value is 88. Maximum value for height is 400, default value is 31.<cloud> sub-element of <channel> <cloud> is an optional sub-element of <channel>. It specifies a web service that supports the rssCloud interface which can be implemented in HTTP-POST, XML-RPC or SOAP 1.1. Its purpose is to allow processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds.
<cloud domain="rpc.sys.com" port="80" path="/RPC2" registerProcedure="myCloud.rssPleaseNotify" protocol="xml-rpc" />In this example, to request notification on the channel it appears in, you would send an XML-RPC message to rpc.sys.com on port 80, with a path of /RPC2. The procedure to call is myCloud.rssPleaseNotify.A full explanation of this element and the rssCloud interface is .<ttl> sub-element of <channel> <ttl> is an optional sub-element of <channel>. ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. This makes it possible for RSS sources to be managed by a file-sharing network such as . Example: <ttl>60</ttl><textInput> sub-element of <channel> A channel may optionally contain a <textInput> sub-element, which contains four required sub-elements.<title> -- The label of the Submit button in the text input area. <description> -- Explains the text input area. <name> -- The name of the text object in the text input area. <link> -- The URL of the CGI script that processes text input requests. The purpose of the <textInput> element is something of a mystery. You can use it to specify a search engine box. Or to allow a reader to provide feedback. Most aggregators ignore it. Elements of <item>
A channel may contain any number of <item>s. An item may represent a "story" -- much like a story in a newspaper or magazine; if so its description is a synopsis of the story, and the link points to the full story. An item may also be complete in itself, if so, the description contains the text (entity-encoded HTML is allowed; see ), and the link and title may be omitted. All elements of an item are optional, however at least one of title or description must be present.| Element | Description | Example |
| title | The title of the item. | Venice Film Festival Tries to Quit Sinking |
| link | The URL of the item. | http://nytimes.com/2004/12/07FEST.html |
| description | The item synopsis. | Some of the most heated chatter at the Venice Film Festival this week was about the way that the arrival of the stars at the Palazzo del Cinema was being staged. |
| author | Email address of the author of the item. . | oprah\@oxygen.net |
| category | Includes the item in one or more categories. . | |
| comments | URL of a page for comments relating to the item. . | http://www.myblog.org/cgi-local/mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=290 |
| enclosure | Describes a media object that is attached to the item. . | |
| guid | A string that uniquely identifies the item. . | http://inessential.com/2002/09/01.php#a2 |
| pubDate | Indicates when the item was published. . | Sun, 19 May 2002 15:21:36 GMT |
| source | The RSS channel that the item came from. . |
<source> sub-element of <item> <source> is an optional sub-element of <item>.Its value is the name of the RSS channel that the item came from, derived from its <title>. It has one required attribute, url, which links to the XMLization of the source.
<source url="http://www.tomalak.org/links2.xml">Tomalak's Realm</source>The purpose of this element is to propagate credit for links, to publicize the sources of news items. It can be used in the Post command of an aggregator. It should be generated automatically when forwarding an item from an aggregator to a weblog authoring tool.<enclosure> sub-element of <item> <enclosure> is an optional sub-element of <item>.It has three required attributes. url says where the enclosure is located, length says how big it is in bytes, and type says what its type is, a standard MIME type.The url must be an http url.<enclosure url="http://www.scripting.com/mp3s/weatherReportSuite.mp3" length="12216320" type="audio/mpeg" />A use-case narrative for this element is .<category> sub-element of <item> <category> is an optional sub-element of <item>.It has one optional attribute, domain, a string that identifies a categorization taxonomy. The value of the element is a forward-slash-separated string that identifies a hierarchic location in the indicated taxonomy. Processors may establish conventions for the interpretation of categories. Two examples are provided below:<category>Grateful Dead</category><category domain="http://www.fool.com/cusips">MSFT</category>You may include as many category elements as you need to, for different domains, and to have an item cross-referenced in different parts of the same domain.<pubDate> sub-element of <item> <pubDate> is an optional sub-element of <item>.Its value is a , indicating when the item was published. If it's a date in the future, aggregators may choose to not display the item until that date. <pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2002 15:21:36 GMT</pubDate><guid> sub-element of <item> <guid> is an optional sub-element of <item>.guid stands for globally unique identifier. It's a string that uniquely identifies the item. When present, an aggregator may choose to use this string to determine if an item is new.<guid>http://some.server.com/weblogItem3207</guid>There are no rules for the syntax of a guid. Aggregators must view them as a string. It's up to the source of the feed to establish the uniqueness of the string. If the guid element has an attribute named "isPermaLink" with a value of true, the reader may assume that it is a permalink to the item, that is, a url that can be opened in a Web browser, that points to the full item described by the <item> element. An example:<guid isPermaLink="true">http://inessential.com/2002/09/01.php#a2</guid>isPermaLink is optional, its default value is true. If its value is false, the guid may not be assumed to be a url, or a url to anything in particular.<comments> sub-element of <item> <comments> is an optional sub-element of <item>.If present, it is the url of the comments page for the item. <comments>http://ekzemplo.com/entry/4403/comments</comments>More about comments .<author> sub-element of <item> <author> is an optional sub-element of <item>.It's the email address of the author of the item. For newspapers and magazines syndicating via RSS, the author is the person who wrote the article that the <item> describes. For collaborative weblogs, the author of the item might be different from the managing editor or webmaster. For a weblog authored by a single individual it would make sense to omit the <author> element.<author>lawyer@boyer.net (Lawyer Boyer)</author>